 2 

    

         ,        .       : 

 ; 
 ; 
; 
; 
; 
 . 
         .     ,     ( ).        . 

  

             .   : 

5 

591 

52 

    

        (  8)   (  16)  .      0,       0  7. : 

0422 

0534 

     0  0       0  9     ()  f (F). : 

0x3FF 

0x22abc 

  

  (   )      .     ,   , - ,    .      :    () . 

  

        - ,  . : 

12.45 

98.6 

  

            - ,     . : 

8 

5.973624 

  

 (string)   ,     ,        .  : 

thesaurus 

49ers 

abc 

&%/$# 

 :       .         ,      . 

  

          -      (" ")   (' ').       . -,    ,   ,   ,      ,       , 

     : 

$food = "meatloaf"; 

$food = 'meatloaf'; 

     : 

$sentence = "My favorite food is $food"; 

$sentence2 = 'My favorite food is $food'; 

 $sentence   

My favorite food is meatloaf. 

 :  $food  .   ,  $sentence2   

My favorite food is $food. 

    $sentence,  $sentence2     $food.          $sentence  $sentence2. 

       ,      ,     ,    .  ,       ,      (,     ),   . 2.1. 

 2.1.     

   
 
\n     
 \r     
 \t     
\\      
  \$     
\"    
\[0-7]{1,3}     (   )  
 \x[0-9A-Fa-f]{l,2}     (   )  

     ,   ,   ,     ,   ,   , -    '\\'  '\'.        ,     : 

$double_list = "item1\nitem2\nitem2"; 

$single_list = 'item1\nitem2\nitem2'; 

     , ,         ,       \n    .       ,          .   ,     ,      . 

   

    ,   HTML4,    (here doc).         <<<,        ,  ,  .       . : 

$paragraph = <<<DELIM 

This is a string that 

Will be interpreted exactly 

As it is written in the 

variable assignment, 

DELIM; 

       .  ,          ,  . 

     

             (.  ). : 

$sequence_number = "04efgh"; 

$letter = Ssequence_number[4]; 

 $ letter    g.      ,        0. ,  $sequence_number[l]   4. 

 

     .    ,     .         .      ,       ,    . ,          .        . 

   

         ,    . 

    : 

$[1]; 

    : 

$meat[0] = "chicken"; 

$meat[l] = "steak"; 

$meat[2] = "turkey"; 

   : 

print $meat[1]: 

    

steak 

       array ().  $meat      

$meat = rr("chicken", "steak", "turkey"); 

   pri nt      -   steak. 

      ,         . ,  $meat     : 

Smeat[] = "chicken"; 

$meat[] = "steak"; 

Smeat[] = "turkey"; 

   

     ,       ,    . 

,          .         '/' - ,     .       : 

Spairings["zinfandel"] = "Broiled Veal Chops"; 

$pairings["merlot"] = "Baked Ham"; 

$pairings["sauvignon"] = "Prime Rib"; 

$pairings["sauternes"] = "Roasted Salmon"; 

        ,      . ,   ,       ''.         $pairings: print $pairings["merlot"]; //   "Baked Ham"        (): 

Spairings = rr( 

zinfandel => "Broiled Veal Chops", 

merlot => "Baked Ham", 

sauvignon => "Prime Rib", 

sauternes => "Roasted Salmon"); 

     pairings,      . 

   

      ,     ,         .      ,            3. 

    : 

$[1][2]..[N]; 

      : 

$position = $chess_board[5][4]; 

   

       (   ). ,   $irings          ,     .     : 

$pairings["Martinelli"]["zinfandel"] = "Broiled Veal Chops"; 

$pairings["Beringer"]["merlot"] = "Baked Ham"; 

$pairings["Jarvis"]["sauvignon"] = "Prime Rib"; 

$pairings["Climens"]["sauternes"] = "Roasted Salmon"; 

  

      (  ). ,                  .     : 

$Buckeyes["quarterback"] [1] = "Bellisari"; 

$Buckeyes["quarterback"] [2] = "Moherman": 

$Buckeyes["quarterback"] [3] = "Wiley"; 

            -    ,    .          13. 

 

      .    ,      ,  .         -  (). 

     ,    ,    .  ,   -     ,             . ,      ,    .          : 

class appliance { 

var power: 

function set_power($on_off) { 

$this->power = $on_off;  

} 

} 

... 

$blender = new appliance; 

     ,      -        appliance ().        power ().       set_power. 

:   -   ,        ;        .       new. ,       $blender  appliance. 

   $blender        

set_power: $blender->set_power("on"); 

-         ,        .        6. 

  (/) 

      :  (true)   (false).     :        .    . 

    .        =    if. : 

if ($sum == 40) : 

... 

    ,  :  $sum   40,   .   $sum  40,    .      false. 

           . : 

$flag = TRUE; 

if ($flag == TRUE) : 

print "The flag is true!"; 

else : 

print "The flag is false!"; 

endif; 

  $flag ,   ,    -  . 

    -          1  0 .       : 

$flag = 1; 

if ($flag == TRUE) ; 

print "The flag is true!"; 

else : 

print "The flag is false!"; 

endif; 

,    : 

$flag = TRUE: 

//       

//   "if ($flag == TRUE)" 

if ($flag) : 

print "The flag is true!"; 

else : 

print "The flag is false!"; 

endif: 

 

     ,    ,  .      : 

             .     , ,     ASCII-    127  255. : 

     
 
my_function 
 This&that 
 
Size  !counter  
_someword  4ward  

    . ,    $recipe      $Recipe, $rEciPe  $recipE. 

   .  ,          . 

     -     . 

 

 ,  ,   ,       .              .      . 

  

     ,  ,         . 

      , $.      : 

$lr 

$operating_system 

$_some_variable 

$model 

      ,   .  ,            ,  ,    ASCII-    127  255. 

 ,    ,     Perl,    .          .  ,          .   : 

$sentence = "This is a sentence."; // $sentence    

$price = 42.99: // $price     

$weight = 185; // $weight     

       ,      ,      . 

   

  (scope)        ,     .           : 

   ; 
 ; 
 ; 
 . 
  

,   ,   ;  ,        .          ,      ( )  ,   .    ,      ,      . 

    -    ,        .   : 

$ = 4; 

function assignx () { 

$ = 0; 

print "\$x inside function is $x. <br>"; 

} 

assignx(); 

print "\$x outside of function is $x. <br>"; 

      : 

$ inside function is 0. 

$ outside of function is 4. 

 ,       $.   ,   $   assignx   ,         ,     .    -  $           assignx(). 

  

 ,       ,  ,    ,      .    ,  ,       . 

       .         : 

//      10    

function x10 ($value) { 

$value = $value * 10; 

return $value; 

} 

        ,     ,      ,     . 

  

 ,    ,     .      ,         .         GLOBAL. : 

$somevar = 15; 

function addit() { 

GLOBAL $somevar; 

$somevar++; 

print "Somevar is $somevar"; 

} 

addit(); 

   $somevar,  16. ,     : 

GLOBAL $ somevar; 

   $somevar    1,           addit( ).      0,      1;  ,    1. 

          $GLOBALS( ).              $somevar: $somevar = 15; 

function addit() { 

$GLOBALS["somevar"]; 

$somevar++; 

} 

addit(); 

print "Somevar is $somevar"; 

       , ,          ,    .  ,     ,     . 

  

     .    ,        ,        .           STATIC: 

STATIC $somevar; 

 : 

function keep_track() { 

STATIC $count = 0; 

$count++; 

print $count; 

print "<br>"; 

} 

keep_track(); 

keep_track(); 

keep_track(); 

      ?    $count     (   ),    : 

1 

1 

1 

   $count  ,         ,    : 

1 

2 

3 

        -   ,         .      4. 

  

     ,     . ,      "15"    12.  ,           .  ,   ,      ,   (juggling) .       . 

,     -    .   ,    ?     . ,            : 

$variablel = 1; 

$variable2 = "1"; 

$variable3 = $variablel + $variable2; 

// $variable3  4. 

    -     .        ,    : 

$ variablel = 3; 

$variable2 = 5.4; 

$variable3 = $variablel + $variable2; 

// $v ariablel    . 

//  $variable3  8.4. 

       .         ,   ,     ?   : 

$variablel = 5; 

$variable2 = "100 bottles of beer on the wall"; 

$variable3 = ;variable1 + $variable2; 

// $variable3  105 

   ;variable3   105.   - ,         . ,    $variable2   "There are 100 bottles of beer on the wall".        ,    0,   $variable3  5. 

        ,        .      . 

  

    ,   ,     ,   (casting) .      , ,   . 

      ,      -          (. 2.2). 

 2.2.     

       
 (int)  (integer)     
(real), (double)  (float)     
(string)    
(array)    
(object)    

   : 

$variable1= 13; // $variable1    13 

$variable2 = (double) $variable1; // $variable2  13.0 

  $variable1     13,  (double)      (  13   13.0).     $variable2. 

    ,          .         : 

$variablel = 4.0; 

$variable2 = 5; 

$variable3 = (int) $variable1 + $variable2; // $variable3 = 9 

 ,         : 

$variablel = 14.7: 

$variable2 = (int) $varlable1; // $variable2 = 14: 

          .         : 

$variable1 = 1114; 

$array1 = (array) $varable1; 

print $array1[0]; //   1114 

,       .    ,     scalar: 

$model = "Toyota"; 

$new_obj = (object) $model; 

      : 

print $new_obj->scalar; 

 

  ,       .   ,  ,   ,   . ,       ,        - ,   1   "ciao".      -   ,       .        . 

   

    ,        ,   .    : 

$vehicle = "car"; 

$amount =10.23; 

        ,   $vehicle,   "car",   ,   $amount, -  10.23. 

          return  : 

function simple () { 

return 5; 

} 

$return_value = simple(); 

 simple( )     5,    .     5     $return_value. 

   

         ,   .    -    ( )   ,     . 

    ,    -  & (): 

$dessert = "cake"; 

$dessert2 = $Sdessert; 

$dessert2 = "cookies"; 

print "$dessert2 <br>"; //   cookies 

print Sdessert; //    cookies 

    ,    $dessert2     ,   $dessert,   $dessert2     $dessert (   ,      ). 

   

      ,         .    : 

$recipe = "spaghetti"; 

,  "spaghetti"      -             $: 

$$recipe = "& meatballs" ; 

    "& meatballs"    "spaghetti". ,      : 

print $recipe $spaghetti; 

print $recipe $($recipe); 

      "spaghetti & meatballs". 

  

     ,          .     ,         web-,    . 

            ,      . 

     web-,   ,     ,    : 

while (list($var,$value) = each($GLOBALS)) : 

echo "<BR>$var => $ value"; 

endwhile; 

      .       ,     . 

GLOBALS => 

HTTP_GET_VARS => Array 

HTTP_COOKIE_VARS => Array 

HOSTSIZE => 1000 

HOSTNAME => server1.apress.com 

LOGNAME => unstrung 

HISTFILESIZE => 1000 

REMOTEHOST => apress.com 

MAIL -> /var/spool/mail/apress 

MACHTYPE => 1386 

TERM => vt100 

HOSTTYPE => i386-linux 

PATH => 

/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local /bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/Java/bin 

HOME => /root 

INPUTRC => /etc/inputrc 

SHELL => /bin/csh 

USER => nobody 

VENDOR => intel 

GROUP => root 

HOST => server1.apress.com 

OSTYPE => linux 

PWD => /www/bin 

SHLVL => 3_ => /www/bin/httpd 

DOCUMENT_ROOT => /usr/local/apress/site.apress 

HTTP_ACCEPT => */* 

HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING => gzip, deflate 

HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE => it.en-us;q=0.5 

HTTP_CONNECTION -> Keep-Alive 

HTTP_HOST => www.apress.com 

HTTP_USER_AGENT => Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0: Windows 98; 

CNETHomeBuild051099) 

REMOTE_ADOR => 127.0.0.1 

REMQTE_PORT => 3207 

SCRIPT_FILENAME => /usr/local/apress/site.apress/j/environment_vars.php 

SERVER_ADDR => 127.0.0.1 

SERVER_AOMIN => admin@apress.com 

SERVER_NAME => www.apress.com 

SERVERJORT => 80 

SERVER SIGNATURE => 

Apache/1.3.12 Server at www.apress.com Port 80 

SERVER_SOFTWARE => Apache/1.3.12 (Unix) PHP/4.0.1 

GATEWAY_INTERFACE => CGI/1.1 

SERVER_PROTOCOL => HTTP/1.1 

REQUEST_METHOD => GET 

QUERY_STRING => 

REQUEST_URI => /j/environment_vars.php 

SCRIPT_NAME => /j/environment_vars.php 

PATH_TRANSLAETD => /usr/local/apress/site.apress/j/environment_vars.php 

PHP_SELF => /j/environment_vars.php 

argv => Array 

argc => 0 

var => argc 

value => argc 

 ,      -  ,    .         . ,    IP- : 

print "Hi! Your IP address is: $REMOTE_ADDR"; 

IP-     (, 208.247.106.187). 

 ,             .  

print "Your browser is: $HTTP_USER_AGENT"; 

   : 

Your browser is: Mozina/4.0 (compatible: MSIE 5.0; Windows 98: CNETHomeBuild051099) 

     ,    ,     ,      . 

          track_vars   php.ini.    4.0.3  track_vars  . 

 

   ,       .          - ,  ? (3,141592)      (5280). 

     define( ).      ,     ( )    . 

,         : 

define("'PI", "3.141592"); 

     : 

print "The value of pi is". PI."<br>"; 

$pi2 - 2 * PI: 

print "Pi doubled equals $pi2."; 

     : 

The value of pi is 3.141592. 

Pi doubled equals 6.283184. 

        . -,       . -,    (,    2*I);     ,       . 

 

       ,          .  ,    : 

   (   , , , ,  ); 
; 
 (,  ); 
 ; 
 ; 
   ( ,  ); 
. 
        .         ,      .    3      ,      -  . 

